Lead

Overview

English Name:

Lead

Latin Name:

Plumbum

Year Discovered:

Ancient

Discovered By:

Unknown

Group:

14

Period:

6

Electrons:

82

CAS Number:

7439-92-1

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$2

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s² 6p²

Ion Charge:

+2, +4

Ionisation Energies:

715.0 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

175 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

202 pm

Covalent Radius:

146 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

202 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

7.416 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

207.2

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

0.0 kJ/mol

Valence:

2, 4

Electronegativity:

1.87

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

327.5°C

Boiling Point:

1749°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

35.3 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.128 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.2 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000028

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 4.79 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 180.5 kJ/mol

Atomization: N/A

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 11.34 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

18.27 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

1300 m/s

Hardness:

1.5

Bulk Modulus (K):

46 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

16 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

15 GPa

Color:

Gray

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

150

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

1.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

2.2 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

0.0 × 10^-6

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

0.0 × 10^-6 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

0.0 × 10^-6 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

4.5 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

18.27 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Grid Parameters:

a = 490 pm

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H302, H332

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P202, P281

RTECS Number:

PD3500000

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Toxic
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Galena, sphalerite

Main Usage:

Batteries, radiation shielding

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Tl-203, Tl-205

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.0 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.0%

Humans:

0.0%

Earth's Crust:

0.0002%

Meteorites:

0.0002%