Mercury

Overview

English Name:

Mercury

Latin Name:

Hydrargyrum

Year Discovered:

Unknown, ancient

Discovered By:

Unknown

Group:

12

Period:

6

Electrons:

80

CAS Number:

7439-97-6

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s²

Ion Charge:

+1, +2

Ionisation Energies:

1007.1 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

171 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

222 pm

Covalent Radius:

171 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

155 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

10.438 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

200.59

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-0.0 kJ/mol

Valence:

2

Electronegativity:

2.00

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

-38.83°C

Boiling Point:

356.73°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 1.67 MPa

Temperature: 1750°C

Thermal Conductivity:

8.3 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.14 J/(g·K)

Molar: 27.98 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000182

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 2.29 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 59.11 kJ/mol

Atomization: N/A

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Liquid

Density:

Liquid: 13.53 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

14.81 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

1407 m/s

Hardness:

1.5

Bulk Modulus (K):

25 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silver-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

13530 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

1.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Rhombohedral

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

9.8 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-0.000015

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.1 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-2.2 × 10^-7 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

14.81 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Rhombohedral

Grid Parameters:

a = 298.3 pm, α = 70°05'

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements:

H330, H360, H372

Precautionary Statements:

P273, P281, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

OV4550000

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Toxic, Reproductive toxin, Neurotoxin
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: Bioaccumulative

Importance

Main sources:

Cinnabar ore, industrial processes

Main Usage:

Scientific instruments, dental amalgams

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Hg-196, Hg-198, Hg-199, Hg-200, Hg-201, Hg-202, Hg-204

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.0 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.0000003%

Humans:

0.000000000000001%

Earth's Crust:

0.00000082%

Meteorites:

0.00000082%