Oxygen

Oxygen is a chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a highly reactive nonmetallic element that is essential for life on Earth. Oxygen is the third most abundant element in the universe and the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is vital for respiration and combustion.

Overview

English Name:

Oxygen

Latin Name:

Oxygenium

Year Discovered:

1774

Discovered By:

Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Joseph Priestley

Group:

16

Period:

2

Electrons:

8

CAS Number:

7782-44-7

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$0.10

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁴

Ion Charge:

-2

Ionisation Energies:

1313.9 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

66 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

152 pm

Covalent Radius:

73 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

152 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

13.61 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 6

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

3

Atomic Weight:

16.00

Oxidation States

-2
-1
+1
+2

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

141 kJ/mol

Valence:

2

Electronegativity:

3.44

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

-218.79°C

Boiling Point:

-182.96°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 5.08 MPa

Temperature: -118.38°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.02624 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.918 J/(g·K)

Molar: 29.38 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00011

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 0.444 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 6.82 kJ/mol

Atomization: 249.2 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Gas

Density:

Gas: 1.429 g/L

Molar Volume (Vmol):

22.39 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

330 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

11 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Colorless

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

1.141 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

1.000271

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^14 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.9 × 10^-6

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.9 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

3.04 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-14 S/m

Mass (γmass):

2.6566 × 10-26 kg

Mass (γmol):

2.6566 × 10-23 mol

Volume (γvol):

22.39 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements:

H270, H280

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Asphyxiant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: Oxidizer

Importance

Main sources:

Air, water

Main Usage:

Respiration, combustion, chemical industry

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

O-16, O-17, O-18

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.0002 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

1%

Sun:

1%

Oceans:

88.8%

Humans:

65%

Earth's Crust:

46.6%

Meteorites:

0.1%