Gold

Overview

English Name:

Gold

Latin Name:

Aurum

Year Discovered:

Prehistoric

Discovered By:

Unknown

Group:

11

Period:

6

Electrons:

79

CAS Number:

7440-57-5

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$5,500

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹

Ion Charge:

+1, +3

Ionisation Energies:

890.1 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

144 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

216 pm

Covalent Radius:

144 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

166 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

9.225 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

196.97

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

0.0 kJ/mol

Valence:

1, 3

Electronegativity:

2.54

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1064°C

Boiling Point:

2856°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

315 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.129 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.42 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000014

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 12.55 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 330 kJ/mol

Atomization: N/A

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 19.32 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

10.21 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

3240 m/s

Hardness:

2.5-3

Bulk Modulus (K):

180 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

75 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

168 GPa

Color:

Yellow

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

1500

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

2.5-3

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

2.2 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

0.0 × 10^-6

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

0.0 × 10^-6 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

0.0 × 10^-6 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

4.1 × 10^7 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

10.21 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Face-centered cubic (FCC)

Grid Parameters:

a = 408 pm

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H228

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Flammable solid
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals, ores

Main Usage:

Jewelry, electronics

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Au-197

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.0 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.0%

Humans:

0.0%

Earth's Crust:

0.004%

Meteorites:

0.004%