Nitrogen

Nitrogen is a chemical element with the symbol N and atomic number 7. It is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, and mostly inert diatomic gas at standard conditions. Nitrogen is the fifth most abundant element in the universe and the largest single component of the Earth's atmosphere. It is an essential element for all known forms of life, playing a key role in the structure of proteins, nucleic acids, and other vital molecules.

Overview

English Name:

Nitrogen

Latin Name:

Nitrogenium

Year Discovered:

1772

Discovered By:

Daniel Rutherford

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7727-37-9

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$0.10

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p³

Ion Charge:

+3, -3

Ionisation Energies:

1402.3 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

56 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

146 pm

Covalent Radius:

71 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

155 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

14.53 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 5

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

14.01

Oxidation States

-3

-2

-1

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-7 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

3.04

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

-209.86°C

Boiling Point:

-195.79°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 3.39 MPa

Temperature: -146.95°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.02581 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 1.04 J/(g·K)

Molar: 29.12 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00036

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 0.72 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 5.56 kJ/mol

Atomization: 472.7 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Gas

Density:

Gas: 1.251 g/L

Molar Volume (Vmol):

22.69 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

353 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

24 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Colorless

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

0.808 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

1.000297

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Cubic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^14 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-9.04 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-7.2 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-1.01 × 10^-7 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-14 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

2.3259 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

2.3259 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

22.69 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Cubic

Grid Parameters:

0.25 nm

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

3300 K

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H280

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Asphyxiant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Air, industrial processes

Main Usage:

Fertilizers, explosives, industrial processes

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

N-14, N-15

Neutron Cross Sectional:

1.9 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.3%

Sun:

0.1%

Oceans:

0.00002%

Humans:

Earth's Crust:

0.18%

Meteorites:

0.1%