Holmium

Holmium is a chemical element with the symbol Ho and atomic number 67. It is a silvery-white, malleable and ductile metal that is part of the lanthanide series. Holmium is known for its magnetic properties and is used in various applications, including nuclear reactors and as a dopant in solid-state lasers.

Overview

English Name:

Holmium

Latin Name:

Holmium

Year Discovered:

1878

Discovered By:

Jacques-Louis Soret

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7440-60-0

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$100

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s² 4f¹¹

Ion Charge:

Ionisation Energies:

588.0 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

173 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

160 pm

Covalent Radius:

195 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.02 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 29, 8, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

164.9303

Oxidation States

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

15 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

1.23

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1474°C

Boiling Point:

2720°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

16.2 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.16 J/(g·K)

Molar: 27.1 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000011

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 17.2 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 360 kJ/mol

Atomization: 330 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

20°C

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 8.795 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

18.74 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

38 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

24.3 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

66 GPa

Color:

Silvery white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

4.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

3.7 × 10^-3

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

4.5 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

7.0 × 10^-7 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.3 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

4.25 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

4.25 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

18.74 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

a = 360.0 pm, c = 582.0 pm

Attitude:

c/a = 1.617

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H261

Precautionary Statements:

P223, P231 + P232, P280, P335 + P334, P370 + P378

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: Reacts with water

Importance

Main sources:

Monazite, bastnäsite

Main Usage:

Lasers, nuclear reactors, magnets

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

Ho-163, Ho-165

Neutron Cross Sectional:

60 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.00004%

Sun:

0.00004%

Oceans:

0.000000002%

Humans:

0.000000005%

Earth's Crust:

0.0002%

Meteorites:

0.0002%