Dysprosium

Dysprosium is a chemical element with the symbol Dy and atomic number 66. It is a silvery-white metallic element that rapidly tarnishes in air and moisture. Dysprosium is found in rare earth minerals and is used for its high thermal neutron absorption cross-section and magnetic properties. It is used in control rods in nuclear reactors, in magnets, and as a component of laser materials.

Overview

English Name:

Dysprosium

Latin Name:

Dysprosium

Year Discovered:

1886

Discovered By:

Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7429-91-6

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$100

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s² 4f¹⁰

Ion Charge:

Ionisation Energies:

573.0 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

175 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

169 pm

Covalent Radius:

228 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.94 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 28, 8, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

162.5001

Oxidation States

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

30 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

1.22

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1412°C

Boiling Point:

2567°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

10.6 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.17 J/(g·K)

Molar: 27.7 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000011

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 11.1 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 290 kJ/mol

Atomization: 289 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

85°C

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 8.55 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

19.01 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

1.5

Bulk Modulus (K):

41 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

27.2 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

61 GPa

Color:

Silvery white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

500

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

8.2 g/cm³

Hardness of Mohs:

1.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

500

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

9.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

3.4 × 10^-3

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

4.0 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

6.5 × 10^-7 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.1 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

4.21 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

4.21 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

19.01 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

a = 359.0 pm, c = 565.7 pm

Attitude:

c/a = 1.576

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H261

Precautionary Statements:

P223, P231 + P232, P280, P335 + P334, P370 + P378

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: Reacts with water

Importance

Main sources:

Monazite, bastnäsite

Main Usage:

Magnets, lasers, nuclear reactors

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

Dy-156, Dy-158, Dy-159, Dy-160, Dy-161, Dy-162, Dy-163, Dy-164

Neutron Cross Sectional:

950 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.00008%

Sun:

0.00008%

Oceans:

0.000000006%

Humans:

0.000000012%

Earth's Crust:

0.0005%

Meteorites:

0.0005%