Europium

Overview

English Name:

Europium

Latin Name:

Europium

Year Discovered:

1896

Discovered By:

Eugène-Anatole Demarçay

Group:

3

Period:

6

Electrons:

63

CAS Number:

7440-53-1

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$100

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s² 4f⁷

Ion Charge:

+3

Ionisation Energies:

544.5 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

227 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

188 pm

Covalent Radius:

198 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.670 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 23, 8

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

151.964

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

0.0 kJ/mol

Valence:

3

Electronegativity:

1.2

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

822°C

Boiling Point:

1529°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

0.156 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.19 J/(g·K)

Molar: 28.8 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000013

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 5.2 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 150 kJ/mol

Atomization: N/A

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 5.244 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

28.93 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

N/A

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.2 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.5 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

1.1 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^7 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.94 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.94 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

28.93 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H260

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P284

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Monazite, bastnäsite

Main Usage:

Phosphors, nuclear reactors, catalysts

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Eu-151, Eu-153

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.1 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.0000001%

Humans:

0.0000002%

Earth's Crust:

0.00003%

Meteorites:

0.00003%