Samarium

Samarium is a chemical element with the symbol Sm and atomic number 62. It is a silvery-white metal that is moderately hard and brittle. Samarium is one of the rare earth elements and is used in various applications, including magnets, lasers, and nuclear reactors.

Overview

English Name:

Samarium

Latin Name:

Samarium

Year Discovered:

1853

Discovered By:

Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Group:

Lanthanides

Period:

6

Electrons:

62

CAS Number:

7440-19-9

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$30

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s² 4f⁶

Ion Charge:

+3

Ionisation Energies:

544.5 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

180 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

227 pm

Covalent Radius:

195 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.643 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 24, 8, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

150.36

Oxidation States

+3

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-54 kJ/mol

Valence:

3

Electronegativity:

1.17

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1072°C

Boiling Point:

1900°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

0.15 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.20 J/(g·K)

Molar: 28.2 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000012

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 6.4 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 150 kJ/mol

Atomization: 200 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.52 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

19.93 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

N/A

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-6 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

3.4 × 10^-6

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

4.2 × 10^-6 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

8.0 × 10^-5 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γmass):

1.0 × 10-25 kg

Mass (γmol):

1.0 × 10-22 mol

Volume (γvol):

19.93 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H228

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals, industrial processes

Main Usage:

Magnets, lasers, nuclear reactors

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Sm-144, Sm-147

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.1 barns

Half Life (s):

Not applicable

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

N/A

Humans:

N/A

Earth's Crust:

0.0005%

Meteorites:

N/A