Promethium

Overview

English Name:

Promethium

Latin Name:

Promethium

Year Discovered:

1945

Discovered By:

Charles Coryell, Jacob Marinsky, Lawrence Glendenin

Group:

3

Period:

6

Electrons:

61

CAS Number:

7440-12-2

Cost Per 100 Grams:

N/A

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s² 4f⁵

Ion Charge:

+3

Ionisation Energies:

540.0 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

183 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

217 pm

Covalent Radius:

185 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.58 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 21, 8, 4

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

145

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-50 kJ/mol

Valence:

3

Electronegativity:

1.13

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1204°C

Boiling Point:

3000°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

0.15 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.18 J/(g·K)

Molar: 26.6 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000011

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 7.0 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 330 kJ/mol

Atomization: 358 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.26 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

20.0 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

3

Bulk Modulus (K):

28 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

7.26 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

3

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

7.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.4 × 10^-6 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

2.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

20.0 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

a = 3.65 Å, c = 5.78 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements:

H350, H410

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P308 + P313, P501

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Carcinogenic
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: Radioactive

Importance

Main sources:

Nuclear reactors

Main Usage:

Nuclear batteries, luminous paint

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Yes

Isotopes:

Pm-145, Pm-147

Neutron Cross Sectional:

1000 barns

Half Life (s):

Pm-145: 17.7 years, Pm-147: 2.6 years

Lifetime:

Radioactive

Prevalence

Universe:

N/A

Sun:

N/A

Oceans:

N/A

Humans:

N/A

Earth's Crust:

N/A

Meteorites:

N/A