Cerium

Overview

English Name:

Cerium

Latin Name:

Cerium

Year Discovered:

1803

Discovered By:

Jöns Jacob Berzelius, Wilhelm Hisinger

Group:

3

Period:

6

Electrons:

58

CAS Number:

7440-45-1

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$30

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s² 4f¹

Ion Charge:

+3

Ionisation Energies:

605.0 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

182 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

231 pm

Covalent Radius:

175 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.11 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 19, 8, 3

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

140.12

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

−50 kJ/mol

Valence:

3

Electronegativity:

1.12

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

795°C

Boiling Point:

3426°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

0.12 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.193 J/(g·K)

Molar: 26.9 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000010

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 6.5 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 180 kJ/mol

Atomization: 150 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 6.77 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

20.6 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

5.5

Bulk Modulus (K):

30 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

6.77 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

5.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

4.6 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

1.5 × 10^-6 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

2.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

20.6 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

a = 3.94 Å, c = 6.14 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H315, H319

Precautionary Statements:

P264, P280, P302 + P352

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals, mining

Main Usage:

Catalysts, glassmaking, and in various alloys

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Ce-140, Ce-142

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.3 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0004%

Sun:

0.0004%

Oceans:

0.00000001%

Humans:

0.00000001%

Earth's Crust:

0.004%

Meteorites:

0.0001%