Barium

Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is a soft, silvery-white alkaline earth metal that is highly reactive and readily forms compounds with oxygen and water. Barium is primarily used in the production of glass, ceramics, and in medical imaging.

Overview

English Name:

Barium

Latin Name:

Barium

Year Discovered:

1774

Discovered By:

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7440-39-3

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$20

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Xe] 6s²

Ion Charge:

Ionisation Energies:

503.2 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

222 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

253 pm

Covalent Radius:

198 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.21 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

137.33

Oxidation States

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

−48 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

0.89

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

727°C

Boiling Point:

1640°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

0.180 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.204 J/(g·K)

Molar: 29.3 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000016

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 11.5 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 298 kJ/mol

Atomization: 146 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 3.62 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

37.93 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

1.6

Bulk Modulus (K):

15 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

3.62 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

1.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

4.8 × 10^-6 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.5 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-3.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.6 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

37.93 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Grid Parameters:

a = 5.0 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H302, H315, H319

Precautionary Statements:

P264, P270, P301 + P312

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Harmful if swallowed
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals, mining

Main Usage:

Glassmaking, fireworks, and as a contrast agent in medical imaging

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

Ba-130, Ba-132

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.1 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0002%

Sun:

0.0002%

Oceans:

0.0000001%

Humans:

0.0000001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0004%

Meteorites:

0.0001%