Iodine

Overview

English Name:

Iodine

Latin Name:

Iodum

Year Discovered:

1811

Discovered By:

Bernard Courtois

Group:

17

Period:

5

Electrons:

53

CAS Number:

7553-56-2

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Kr] 5s² 4d¹⁰ 5p⁵

Ion Charge:

-1, +1, +5, +7

Ionisation Energies:

1008.4 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

140 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

198 pm

Covalent Radius:

140 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

198 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

10.45 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 18, 7

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

126.90

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

295.0 kJ/mol

Valence:

1, 5, 7

Electronegativity:

2.66

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

113.7°C

Boiling Point:

184.3°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

0.449 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.214 J/(g·K)

Molar: 26.5 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00007

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 15.5 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 41.7 kJ/mol

Atomization: 150.0 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 4.93 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

25.7 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

1300 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

30 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Purple-black

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

3.0 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

1.7

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Orthorhombic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Semiconductor

Resistivity:

10^5 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.5 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-3.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-5 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

25.7 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Orthorhombic

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H351

Precautionary Statements:

P202, P280, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Toxic
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Seaweed, brine

Main Usage:

Antiseptics, dyes, photography

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

I-127, I-131

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.03 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.00003%

Sun:

0.00003%

Oceans:

0.0000001%

Humans:

0.0000001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0005%

Meteorites:

0.0001%