Tin

Overview

English Name:

Tin

Latin Name:

Stannum

Year Discovered:

Ancient

Discovered By:

Unknown

Group:

14

Period:

5

Electrons:

50

CAS Number:

7440-31-5

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$10

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Kr] 4d¹⁰ 5s² 5p²

Ion Charge:

+2, +4

Ionisation Energies:

708.6 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

140 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

217 pm

Covalent Radius:

145 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

7.344 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 18, 4

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

118.71

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

−121 kJ/mol

Valence:

2, 4

Electronegativity:

1.96

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

231.93°C

Boiling Point:

2602°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

66.8 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.21 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.56 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000056

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 11.8 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 298 kJ/mol

Atomization: 300 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.31 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

16.25 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

1.5 (Mohs)

Bulk Modulus (K):

N/A

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery-gray

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

1.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Tetragonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.09 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-3.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

6.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.78 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.78 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

16.25 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Tetragonal

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H302

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P202, P281

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Low toxicity
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Mining, recycling

Main Usage:

Alloys, solder, coatings

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Sn-112, Sn-114, Sn-116

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.045 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0002%

Sun:

0.0001%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0002%

Meteorites:

0.0002%