Palladium

Overview

English Name:

Palladium

Latin Name:

Palladium

Year Discovered:

1803

Discovered By:

William Hyde Wollaston

Group:

10

Period:

5

Electrons:

46

CAS Number:

7440-05-3

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$1,000

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Kr] 4d¹⁰

Ion Charge:

+2, +4

Ionisation Energies:

804.0 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

137 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

144 pm

Covalent Radius:

139 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

8.34 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 18

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

106.42

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

−54 kJ/mol

Valence:

2, 4

Electronegativity:

2.2

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1554.9°C

Boiling Point:

2963°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

71.8 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.25 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.98 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000011

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 15.7 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 500 kJ/mol

Atomization: 300 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 12.02 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

8.83 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

N/A

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

N/A

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Face-centered cubic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.5 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.8 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-4.5 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

6.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.9 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.9 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

8.83 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Face-centered cubic

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H261

Precautionary Statements:

P202, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Low risk
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Mining, recycling

Main Usage:

Catalytic converters, electronics, jewelry

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Pd-102, Pd-104

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.007 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0004%

Sun:

0.0003%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0005%

Meteorites:

0.0001%