Zirconium

Overview

English Name:

Zirconium

Latin Name:

Zirconium

Year Discovered:

1789

Discovered By:

Martin Heinrich Klaproth

Group:

4

Period:

5

Electrons:

40

CAS Number:

7440-67-7

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$30

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Kr] 5s² 4d²

Ion Charge:

+4

Ionisation Energies:

640 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

160 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

215 pm

Covalent Radius:

155 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.634 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 10, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

91.22

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

−60 kJ/mol

Valence:

4

Electronegativity:

1.33

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1855°C

Boiling Point:

4377°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

22.6 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.25 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.2 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00006

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 14.5 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 400 kJ/mol

Atomization: 200 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 6.52 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

14.0 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

5000 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

70.0 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery-grey

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

4.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

14.0 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H228

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Zircon, baddeleyite

Main Usage:

Nuclear reactors, surgical appliances, refractory materials

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Zr-90, Zr-91, Zr-92

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.1 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0004%

Sun:

0.0004%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.02%

Meteorites:

0.02%