Yttrium

Overview

English Name:

Yttrium

Latin Name:

Yttrium

Year Discovered:

1794

Discovered By:

Johan Gadolin

Group:

3

Period:

5

Electrons:

39

CAS Number:

7440-65-5

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Kr] 5s² 4d¹

Ion Charge:

+3

Ionisation Energies:

600 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

180 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

211 pm

Covalent Radius:

162 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.217 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 8, 3

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

88.91

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-30 kJ/mol

Valence:

3

Electronegativity:

1.22

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1526°C

Boiling Point:

3337°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

17.2 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.29 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.1 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000008

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 11.5 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 300 kJ/mol

Atomization: 200 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 4.47 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

19.8 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

4000 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

20.0 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery-metallic

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.0 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.0 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

19.8 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H228

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Ytterbite, monazite

Main Usage:

LEDs, phosphors, superconductors

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Y-89, Y-90

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.1 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0003%

Meteorites:

0.0003%