Rubidium

Overview

English Name:

Rubidium

Latin Name:

Rubidus

Year Discovered:

1861

Discovered By:

Robert Bunsen, Gustav Kirchhoff

Group:

1

Period:

5

Electrons:

37

CAS Number:

7440-17-7

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Kr] 5s¹

Ion Charge:

+1

Ionisation Energies:

403 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

303 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

248 pm

Covalent Radius:

227 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

303 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

4.177 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 8, 1

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

85.47

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

−48 kJ/mol

Valence:

1

Electronegativity:

0.82

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

39.3°C

Boiling Point:

688°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 3.5 MPa

Temperature: 688°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.58 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.363 J/(g·K)

Molar: 28.0 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.0001

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 2.6 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 72.0 kJ/mol

Atomization: 150.0 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 1.53 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

55.9 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

1400 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

10.0 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Silvery-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

1.53 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.2 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-2.0 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^7 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

1.0 × 10^-25 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

1.0 × 10^-22 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

55.9 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H260

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Highly flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Mineral sources, brines

Main Usage:

Atomic clocks, research, fireworks

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Rb-85, Rb-87

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.2 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.00003%

Sun:

0.00003%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0002%

Meteorites:

0.0002%