Krypton

Krypton is a chemical element with the symbol Kr and atomic number 36. It is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. Krypton is the third-lightest noble gas, and is the fifth most abundant element in the universe. It is used in signs, lighting, and other specialized applications.

Overview

English Name:

Krypton

Latin Name:

Krypton

Year Discovered:

1898

Discovered By:

William Ramsay, Morris Travers

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7439-90-9

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁶ 4s² 3d¹⁰

Ion Charge:

Ionisation Energies:

1351.8 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

88 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

88 pm

Covalent Radius:

88 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

240 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

14.00 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 8

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

83.80

Oxidation States

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-114 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

3.00

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

-157.35°C

Boiling Point:

-153.22°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 5.51 MPa

Temperature: -116.67°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.0095 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.960 J/(g·K)

Molar: 29.48 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00004

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 0.09 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 1.64 kJ/mol

Atomization: 135.1 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Gas

Density:

Gas: 3.73 g/L

Molar Volume (Vmol):

24.47 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

220 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

0.34 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Colorless

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

1.64 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

1.00013

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^16 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.9 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-2.1 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-4.2 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-16 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.3466 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.3466 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.47 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H280

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Asphyxiant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Air, industrial processes

Main Usage:

Lighting, signs, cryogenics

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

Kr-78, Kr-80, Kr-82, Kr-83, Kr-84, Kr-86, Kr-87, Kr-88, Kr-89, Kr-90, Kr-91, Kr-92, Kr-93, Kr-94, Kr-95, Kr-96, Kr-97, Kr-98, Kr-99, Kr-100

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.000035 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.007%

Sun:

0.007%

Oceans:

0.00005%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.00018%

Meteorites:

0.00018%