Gallium

Overview

English Name:

Gallium

Latin Name:

Gallium

Year Discovered:

1875

Discovered By:

Paul Émile Lecoq de Boisbaudran

Group:

13

Period:

4

Electrons:

31

CAS Number:

7440-24-6

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$3.50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p¹

Ion Charge:

+3

Ionisation Energies:

540.2 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

122 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

124 pm

Covalent Radius:

122 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

187 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.39 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 3

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

69.72

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-29.6 kJ/mol

Valence:

3

Electronegativity:

1.81

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

29.76°C

Boiling Point:

2402°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

40.6 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.371 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.93 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00003

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 5.6 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 254 kJ/mol

Atomization: 275 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 5.91 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

11.1 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

3140 m/s

Hardness:

1.5

Bulk Modulus (K):

75 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

28 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

12 GPa

Color:

Bluish-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

20 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

6.095 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

1.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

30 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Orthorhombic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

13.2 × 10^-8 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.9 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-2.1 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-4.2 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

3.1 × 10^7 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.90 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.90 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Orthorhombic

Grid Parameters:

a = 4.51 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H280

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Harmful if swallowed
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Zinc ores

Main Usage:

Electronics, LEDs, alloys

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Ga-69, Ga-71

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.05 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0001%

Sun:

0.0001%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.0001%

Meteorites:

0.0001%