Zinc

Zinc is a chemical element with the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is a bluish-white metal that is brittle at room temperature but malleable when heated. Zinc is primarily used for galvanizing other metals to prevent rusting and in various alloys.

Overview

English Name:

Zinc

Latin Name:

Zincum

Year Discovered:

Ancient

Discovered By:

Unknown

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7440-66-6

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$1.50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s²

Ion Charge:

Ionisation Energies:

906.4 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

140 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

139 pm

Covalent Radius:

132 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

202 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

9.39 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 18, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

65.38

Oxidation States

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+0.6 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

1.65

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

419.5°C

Boiling Point:

907°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

111 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.387 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.47 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00003

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 7.2 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 112 kJ/mol

Atomization: 420 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.14 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

9.13 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

4200 m/s

Hardness:

Bulk Modulus (K):

140 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

75 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

110 GPa

Color:

Bluish-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

500 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

7.14 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

1500 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal close-packed

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.68 × 10^-8 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.9 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-2.1 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-4.2 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^7 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.20 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.20 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal close-packed

Grid Parameters:

a = 2.95 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H302

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P280, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Harmful if swallowed
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like sphalerite and smithsonite

Main Usage:

Galvanizing, alloys, and batteries

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

Zn-64, Zn-66, Zn-67, Zn-68, Zn-70

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.01 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00002%

Earth's Crust:

0.007%

Meteorites:

0.0001%