Cobalt

Overview

English Name:

Cobalt

Latin Name:

Cobaltum

Year Discovered:

1735

Discovered By:

Georg Brandt

Group:

9

Period:

4

Electrons:

27

CAS Number:

7440-48-4

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$30

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d⁷ 4s²

Ion Charge:

+2, +3

Ionisation Energies:

759 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

125 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

152 pm

Covalent Radius:

125 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

7.88 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 15, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

58.93

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+60 kJ/mol

Valence:

4

Electronegativity:

1.88

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1495°C

Boiling Point:

2927°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

100 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.421 J/(g·K)

Molar: 24.73 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000013

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 16.2 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 400 kJ/mol

Atomization: 500 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 8.90 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

6.63 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

4600 m/s

Hardness:

5

Bulk Modulus (K):

160 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

75 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

210 GPa

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

1000 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

8.86 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

1500 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal close-packed

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.67 × 10^-8 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Ferromagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.5 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.4 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.20 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.20 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal close-packed

Grid Parameters:

a = 2.52 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H317

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P280, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like cobaltite and smaltite

Main Usage:

Alloys, batteries, and catalysts

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Co-59

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.02 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0001%

Sun:

0.0001%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00002%

Earth's Crust:

0.002%

Meteorites:

0.0001%