Iron

Overview

English Name:

Iron

Latin Name:

Ferrum

Year Discovered:

Ancient

Discovered By:

Unknown

Group:

8

Period:

4

Electrons:

26

CAS Number:

7439-89-6

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$0.10

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d⁶ 4s²

Ion Charge:

+2, +3

Ionisation Energies:

762 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

156 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

126 pm

Covalent Radius:

140 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

7.87 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 14, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

55.85

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+15.7 kJ/mol

Valence:

4

Electronegativity:

1.83

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1538°C

Boiling Point:

2862°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

80.4 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.449 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.10 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000012

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 13.81 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 340 kJ/mol

Atomization: 400 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.87 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

7.1 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

5900 m/s

Hardness:

4-5

Bulk Modulus (K):

170 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

80 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

210 GPa

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

800 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

6.98 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

4

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

1500 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Ferromagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.5 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.4 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

1.0 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.20 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.20 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Grid Parameters:

a = 2.87 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H351

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P280, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like hematite and magnetite

Main Usage:

Steel production, construction, and tools

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Fe-54, Fe-56, Fe-57, Fe-58

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.04 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.003%

Sun:

0.003%

Oceans:

0.0001%

Humans:

0.00002%

Earth's Crust:

5%

Meteorites:

0.0001%