Manganese

Overview

English Name:

Manganese

Latin Name:

Manganum

Year Discovered:

1774

Discovered By:

Johann Gottlieb Gahn

Group:

7

Period:

4

Electrons:

25

CAS Number:

7439-96-5

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$1.50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s²

Ion Charge:

+7

Ionisation Energies:

717.3 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

139 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

127 pm

Covalent Radius:

139 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

7.43 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 13, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

54.94

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+0.5 kJ/mol

Valence:

4

Electronegativity:

1.55

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1246°C

Boiling Point:

2061°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

7.81 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.479 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.19 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000012

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 13.81 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 300 kJ/mol

Atomization: 400 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.43 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

7.39 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

5000 m/s

Hardness:

6

Bulk Modulus (K):

160 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

44 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

200 GPa

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

800 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

7.21 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

6

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

1500 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-6 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Ferromagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.5 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.4 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

7.9 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.20 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.20 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Grid Parameters:

a = 2.87 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H351

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P280, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like pyrolusite

Main Usage:

Steel production, batteries, and alloys

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Mn-55

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.045 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0006%

Sun:

0.0006%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00002%

Earth's Crust:

0.1%

Meteorites:

0.0001%