Chromium

Overview

English Name:

Chromium

Latin Name:

Chromium

Year Discovered:

1797

Discovered By:

Louis Nicolas Vauquelin

Group:

6

Period:

4

Electrons:

24

CAS Number:

7440-47-3

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$5

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d⁵ 4s¹

Ion Charge:

+6

Ionisation Energies:

652 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

128 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

140 pm

Covalent Radius:

139 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.77 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 14

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

51.996

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+65 kJ/mol

Valence:

6

Electronegativity:

1.66

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1907°C

Boiling Point:

2671°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

93.9 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.449 J/(g·K)

Molar: 24.87 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000006

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 13.7 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 338 kJ/mol

Atomization: 390 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 7.19 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

7.19 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

5000 m/s

Hardness:

8.5

Bulk Modulus (K):

160 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

40 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

210 GPa

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

600 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

6.51 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

8.5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

1500 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.0 × 10^-6 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.5 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.4 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

7.9 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.20 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.20 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Body-centered cubic

Grid Parameters:

a = 2.88 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H351

Precautionary Statements:

P201, P280, P308 + P313

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like chromite

Main Usage:

Stainless steel, alloys, and coatings

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Cr-50, Cr-52, Cr-53, Cr-54

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.02 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00002%

Earth's Crust:

0.014%

Meteorites:

0.0001%