Vanadium

Overview

English Name:

Vanadium

Latin Name:

Vanadium

Year Discovered:

1801

Discovered By:

Anders Gustaf Ekeberg

Group:

5

Period:

4

Electrons:

23

CAS Number:

7440-62-2

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$20

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d³ 4s²

Ion Charge:

+5

Ionisation Energies:

650 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

130 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

139 pm

Covalent Radius:

132 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.74 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 11, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

50.94

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+0.5 kJ/mol

Valence:

5

Electronegativity:

1.63

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1910°C

Boiling Point:

3407°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: N/A

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

30.7 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.489 J/(g·K)

Molar: 24.86 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000011

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 17.4 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 340 kJ/mol

Atomization: 400 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 6.11 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

8.32 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

4900 m/s

Hardness:

6

Bulk Modulus (K):

170 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

45 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

120 GPa

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

300 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

5.96 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

6

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

1500 MPa

Crystal Structure:

BCC

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

1.2 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.5 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.4 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

8.3 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.94 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.94 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

BCC

Grid Parameters:

a = 3.02 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H261

Precautionary Statements:

P280, P305 + P351 + P338

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like vanadinite and carnotite

Main Usage:

Steel alloys, catalysts, and batteries

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

V-50, V-51

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.1 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0002%

Sun:

0.0002%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00002%

Earth's Crust:

0.015%

Meteorites:

0.0001%