Titanium

Overview

English Name:

Titanium

Latin Name:

Titanium

Year Discovered:

1791

Discovered By:

William Gregor

Group:

4

Period:

4

Electrons:

22

CAS Number:

7440-32-6

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$20

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

[Ar] 3d² 4s²

Ion Charge:

+4

Ionisation Energies:

658 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

140 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

147 pm

Covalent Radius:

140 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

N/A

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

6.82 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 10, 2

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

47.87

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

+7.3 kJ/mol

Valence:

4

Electronegativity:

1.54

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

1668°C

Boiling Point:

3287°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 4.5 MPa

Temperature: N/A

Thermal Conductivity:

21.9 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.523 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.06 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.000008

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 14.0 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 426 kJ/mol

Atomization: 400 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 4.54 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

10.82 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

5900 m/s

Hardness:

6

Bulk Modulus (K):

100 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

44 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

116 GPa

Color:

Silvery

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

300 MPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

4.51 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

5

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

2000 MPa

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal close-packed

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

4.2 × 10^-7 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Paramagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.5 × 10^-6

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

+1.2 × 10^-6 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

+2.5 × 10^-5 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

2.38 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.44 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.44 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

Hexagonal close-packed

Grid Parameters:

a = 2.95 Å, c = 4.68 Å

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H261

Precautionary Statements:

P280, P305 + P351 + P338

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Irritant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals like rutile and ilmenite

Main Usage:

Aerospace, medical implants, and alloys

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Ti-46, Ti-47, Ti-48, Ti-49, Ti-50

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.03 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0007%

Sun:

0.0007%

Oceans:

0.00001%

Humans:

0.00005%

Earth's Crust:

0.63%

Meteorites:

0.0001%