Chlorine

Overview

English Name:

Chlorine

Latin Name:

Chlorum

Year Discovered:

1774

Discovered By:

Carl Wilhelm Scheele

Group:

17

Period:

3

Electrons:

17

CAS Number:

7782-50-5

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$3

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁵

Ion Charge:

-1

Ionisation Energies:

1251 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

99 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

99 pm

Covalent Radius:

102 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

175 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

12.97 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 7

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

35.45

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

349 kJ/mol

Valence:

1, 3, 5, 7

Electronegativity:

3.16

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

-101.5°C

Boiling Point:

-34.04°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 7.5 MPa

Temperature: -29.1°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.009 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.479 J/(g·K)

Molar: 33.97 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.0001

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 6.4 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 29.2 kJ/mol

Atomization: 121.5 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Gas

Density:

Gas: 0.0032 g/L

Molar Volume (Vmol):

22.41 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

1250 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

N/A

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Greenish-yellow

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

1.56 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^13 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.2 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-2.0 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-13 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

5.8430 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

5.8430 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

22.41 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements:

H314

Precautionary Statements:

P280, P305 + P351 + P338

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Toxic by inhalation
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Saltwater, brine

Main Usage:

Water treatment, disinfectants, bleach

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Cl-35, Cl-37

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.33 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.0002%

Sun:

0.0002%

Oceans:

0.001%

Humans:

0.00004%

Earth's Crust:

0.02%

Meteorites:

0.0001%