Sulfur

Overview

English Name:

Sulfur

Latin Name:

Sulfur

Year Discovered:

1777

Discovered By:

Antoine Lavoisier

Group:

16

Period:

3

Electrons:

16

CAS Number:

7704-34-9

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$10

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p⁴

Ion Charge:

-2, +4, +6

Ionisation Energies:

999.6 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

105 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

102 pm

Covalent Radius:

106 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

180 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

10.36 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 6

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

32.06

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

200.7 kJ/mol

Valence:

2, 4, 6

Electronegativity:

2.58

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

119.0°C

Boiling Point:

444.6°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 3.73 MPa

Temperature: 159.1°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.205 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.71 J/(g·K)

Molar: 22.75 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00054

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 1.72 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 13.75 kJ/mol

Atomization: 8.26 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 2.07 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

16.0 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

1540 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

7.0 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Yellow

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^14 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.5 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-2.0 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-12 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.1684 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.1684 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

16.0 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H280

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Harmful if inhaled
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals, fossil fuels

Main Usage:

Fertilizers, pesticides, pharmaceuticals

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

S-32, S-33, S-34, S-36

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.025 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.1%

Sun:

0.1%

Oceans:

0.0001%

Humans:

0.0002%

Earth's Crust:

0.1%

Meteorites:

0.0001%