Phosphorus

Overview

English Name:

Phosphorus

Latin Name:

Phosphorus

Year Discovered:

1669

Discovered By:

Hennig Brand

Group:

15

Period:

3

Electrons:

15

CAS Number:

7723-14-0

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$5

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s² 3p³

Ion Charge:

+3, +5

Ionisation Energies:

1012 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

110 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

98 pm

Covalent Radius:

107 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

180 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

10.49 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 5

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

30.97

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

72.4 kJ/mol

Valence:

3, 5

Electronegativity:

2.19

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

44.1°C

Boiling Point:

280.5°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 2.5 MPa

Temperature: 430°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.236 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 0.88 J/(g·K)

Molar: 25.57 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00054

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 0.80 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 12.79 kJ/mol

Atomization: 71.5 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 1.82 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

16.7 cm³/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

2400 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

5.5 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

White, Red, Black

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

N/A

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

N/A

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^12 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.0 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.5 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-2.0 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-12 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

2.3299 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

2.3299 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

16.7 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H251

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P221

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Flammable
Health Risk: Harmful if inhaled
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Minerals, fertilizers

Main Usage:

Fertilizers, detergents, pesticides

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

P-31

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.015 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.1%

Sun:

0.1%

Oceans:

0.0001%

Humans:

0.0002%

Earth's Crust:

0.1%

Meteorites:

0.0001%