Sodium

Sodium is a chemical element with the symbol Na and atomic number 11. It is a highly reactive metal that is a vital component of many biological processes. Sodium is a soft, silvery-white metal at standard conditions. It is highly flammable and reacts violently with water.

Overview

English Name:

Sodium

Latin Name:

Natrium

Year Discovered:

1807

Discovered By:

Humphry Davy

Group:

1

Period:

3

Electrons:

11

CAS Number:

7440-23-5

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$5

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶ 3s¹

Ion Charge:

1+

Ionisation Energies:

495.8 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

186 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

154 pm

Covalent Radius:

166 pm Van Der Waals Radius:

227 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

5.14 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8, 1

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

1

Atomic Weight:

22.99

Oxidation States

+1

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

52.8 kJ/mol

Valence:

1

Electronegativity:

0.93

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

97.82°C

Boiling Point:

883°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 2.6 MPa

Temperature: 3200°C

Thermal Conductivity:

64.1 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 1.23 J/(g·K)

Molar: 28.18 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.0034

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 2.60 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 107.5 kJ/mol

Atomization: 107.5 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Solid

Density:

Solid: 0.97 g/cm³

Molar Volume (Vmol):

23.7 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

470 m/s

Hardness:

0.5 Mohs

Bulk Modulus (K):

0.37 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

0.12 GPa

Young's Modulus (E):

11 GPa

Color:

Soft, silvery-white

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

0.05 GPa

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

0.93 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

0.5

Refractive Index:

1.33

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

0.05 GPa

Crystal Structure:

BCC

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Conductor

Resistivity:

4.28 × 10^-8 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.2 × 10^-5

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.2 × 10^-5 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-2.4 × 10^-4 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

9.23 × 10^6 S/m

Mass (γmass):

3.6844 × 10-26 kg

Mass (γmol):

3.6844 × 10-23 mol

Volume (γvol):

23.7 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

BCC

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Danger

Hazard Statements:

H260, H301, H315, H319, H335

Precautionary Statements:

P223, P231, P232, P261, P280

RTECS Number:

NA.2115000

Risk:

Flammability: Highly flammable
Health Risk: Toxic, corrosive
Reactivity: Highly reactive
Specific Risk: Oxidizer

Importance

Main sources:

Rock salt, brine, sea water

Main Usage:

Food preservation, chemical production, pharmaceuticals

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

No

Isotopes:

Na-22, Na-23

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.51 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.23%

Sun:

0.23%

Oceans:

1.08%

Humans:

0.15%

Earth's Crust:

2.83%

Meteorites:

2.83%