Neon

Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. Neon is the second-lightest noble gas, and is the fifth most abundant element in the universe. It is used in signs, lighting, and other specialized applications.

Overview

English Name:

Neon

Latin Name:

Neon

Year Discovered:

1898

Discovered By:

William Ramsay, Morris Travers

Group:

Period:

Electrons:

CAS Number:

7440-01-9

Cost Per 100 Grams:

$50

Atomic Properties

Electronic Configuration:

1s² 2s² 2p⁶

Ion Charge:

Ionisation Energies:

2080.7 kJ/mol

Atomic Radius (Empirical):

38 pm

Atomic Radius (Calculated):

69 pm

Covalent Radius:

58 pm

Van Der Waals Radius:

154 pm

Ionisation Potential of An Atom:

21.56 eV

Electrons Per Layer:

2, 8

Atomic Multiplicities Of The Gas:

Atomic Weight:

20.18

Oxidation States

Reactivity

Electron Affinity:

-116 kJ/mol

Valence:

Electronegativity:

0.96

Thermal Properties

Melting Point:

-248.59°C

Boiling Point:

-246.07°C

Critical Point:

Pressure: 2.67 MPa

Temperature: -228.67°C

Thermal Conductivity:

0.0491 W/(m·K)

Heat Capacity:

Specific: 1.03 J/(g·K)

Molar: 20.79 J/(mol·K)

Thermal Coefficient:

0.00004

Enthalpy:

Fusion: 0.33 kJ/mol

Vaporisation: 1.75 kJ/mol

Atomization: 126.2 kJ/mol

Curie Temperature:

N/A

Neel Temperature:

N/A

Superconductivity Point:

N/A

Physical and Chemical Properties

State of matter (25° C/ 77°F):

Gas

Density:

Gas: 0.9 g/L

Molar Volume (Vmol):

24.02 L/mol

Speed of Sound (Vs):

435 m/s

Hardness:

N/A

Bulk Modulus (K):

0.43 GPa

Shear Modulus (G):

N/A

Young's Modulus (E):

N/A

Color:

Colorless

Brinell Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Liquid Density (Kg/m^3):

1.21 kg/m³

Hardness of Mohs:

N/A

Refractive Index:

1.000067

Vickers Hardness (MPa):

N/A

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Electromagnetic Properties

Electrical Type:

Insulator

Resistivity:

10^14 Ω·m

Magnetic Type:

Diamagnetic

Superconductivity:

Not applicable

Volume Magnetic Susceptibility:

-1.9 × 10^-9

Mass Magnetic Susceptibility:

-2.1 × 10^-9 m³/kg

Molar Mass Susceptibility:

-4.2 × 10^-8 m³/mol

Electrical Conductivity:

10^-14 S/m

Mass (γ_mass):

3.3466 × 10^-26 kg

Mass (γ_mol):

3.3466 × 10^-23 mol

Volume (γ_vol):

24.02 L

Grid Parameters

Crystal Structure:

N/A

Grid Parameters:

N/A

Attitude:

N/A

Debye Temperature:

N/A

Safety and Precautions

Signal Word:

Warning

Hazard Statements:

H280

Precautionary Statements:

P220, P244, P370 + P376

RTECS Number:

Not available

Risk:

Flammability: Non-flammable
Health Risk: Asphyxiant
Reactivity: Stable
Specific Risk: None

Importance

Main sources:

Air, industrial processes

Main Usage:

Lighting, signs, cryogenics

Nuclear Properties

Radioactive:

Isotopes:

Ne-20, Ne-21, Ne-22

Neutron Cross Sectional:

0.035 barns

Half Life (s):

None

Lifetime:

Stable

Prevalence

Universe:

0.18%

Sun:

0.18%

Oceans:

0.00005%

Humans:

0.00001%

Earth's Crust:

0.00018%

Meteorites:

0.00018%